Sep 14, 2020· In an Indian study for a large dragline operated surface coal mine, a 40% gain in OE in terms of mining rate (m 3 /hr) resulted in a gain in EE with an annual reduction of GHG, TSP, and PM 10 emission by 26%, 47%, and 52%, respectively, and CE improved by over 33% vis‐a‐vis the existing operation without the infusion of any additional resource.